Adversaries don't send reports. We do.

Field reports
from the front line.

Anonymized case studies from real engagements, ten responsibly-disclosed CVEs, conference talks, and original offensive research from the 0block team. Names withheld under NDA; the techniques are exactly as we found them.

Selected engagements

Case
files.

Five engagements that show the range — bridge, payments, hardware, red team, and crypto custody. Every one ended with the client safer, and the funds intact.

CS-1
Blockchain
CRITICAL

Cross-chain bridge · ~$220M TVL

Engagement
A 3-week smart-contract + protocol audit of a cross-chain bridge.
Finding
A signature-replay flaw combined with a reentrancy window in the bridge's mint path. A crafted message valid on chain A could be replayed to mint wrapped assets on chain B without burning the originals — a clean path to draining the bridge.
Attack chain
  1. Captured a legitimate burn-and-mint relayer message on chain A from the public mempool.
  2. Observed the mint verifier checked the signature but not a chain-scoped nonce.
  3. Replayed the same signed payload against chain B's mint entrypoint.
  4. Chained a reentrancy window in the callback to mint multiple times per relay.
  5. Modeled a drain of locked collateral with no corresponding burn on the source chain.
Impact
Critical. Quantified exposure: the full $220M in locked collateral, drainable without privileged access.
Remediation
Introduced nonce domain separation (chain-id + message nonce bound into the signed digest), made the mint path non-reentrant, and added replay monitoring on the relayer.
Outcome
Disclosed within 24h under embargo. Client paused the bridge, shipped the fix, and passed a free retest. Zero funds lost · $220M secured.
CS-2
Web / App
CRITICAL

Fintech payments platform

Engagement
Grey-box web + API penetration test of a card-issuing platform.
Findings
(1) Business-logic flaw allowing negative-amount transfers to credit an attacker's balance. (2) BOLA/IDOR exposing ~500K customer records via predictable object IDs. (3) Weak OAuth state enabling account takeover.
Attack chain
  1. Registered a low-privilege merchant account and mapped the transfer API.
  2. Submitted a negative amount to a peer transfer, flipping the debit into a self-credit.
  3. Enumerated sequential /accounts/{id} object IDs — server never checked ownership (BOLA).
  4. Scraped statements and KYC PII for ~500K records across the ID range.
  5. Hijacked sessions via a non-validated OAuth state to confirm account takeover.
Impact
Critical — direct financial loss plus mass PII exposure of ~500K customers.
Remediation
Server-side amount + balance invariants, object-level authorization on every resource, opaque ULIDs, and strict OAuth state/PKCE validation.
Outcome
All criticals fixed within the engagement window; platform passed PCI-DSS assessment the following quarter.
CS-3
Hardware
CRITICAL

Hardware crypto-wallet

Engagement
Full hardware teardown of a consumer cold-storage wallet marketed as "unhackable."
Finding
Using voltage fault injection during boot, our lab bypassed the secure-boot signature check and dumped firmware from external flash, recovering enough material to reconstruct the seed on a lab unit.
Attack chain
  1. Decapped the package and traced the MCU, external SPI flash, and power rails.
  2. Tapped the core voltage line and characterized the secure-boot timing window.
  3. Injected a precise voltage glitch to skip the firmware signature check.
  4. Booted unsigned code and dumped external flash over the now-trusted debug path.
  5. Reconstructed the BIP-39 seed from recovered key material on a sacrificial unit.
Impact
Critical — physical compromise of the device's core security claim; seed recovery from a stolen device.
Remediation
Migrated trust into a certified secure element, encrypted external flash, and added glitch detectors plus redundant signature checks across the boot chain.
Outcome
Vendor redesigned with a true secure element + encrypted external flash; findings drove a public firmware advisory. Coordinated disclosure, 2 CVEs assigned.
CS-4
Red Team
CRITICAL

Series C SaaS

Engagement
Objective-based red team — "reach production customer data."
Attack chain
  1. Spear-phish a support engineer; harvest credentials on a cloned SSO page.
  2. Defeat MFA via an MFA-fatigue push-bombing bypass.
  3. Kerberoast a service account and crack the ticket offline.
  4. Abuse a vulnerable certificate template — ADCS ESC1 — to mint a DA cert.
  5. Authenticate as Domain Admin and pivot to the production database.
Time to Domain Admin: 6 hours.
Impact
Total domain compromise from a single click — full access to production customer data.
Remediation
Removed ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT on the template, enforced manager approval, phishing-resistant MFA, and tiered admin isolation.
Outcome
Purple-team replay tuned 14 new detections; a second red team six months later was contained in 19 minutes.
CS-5
Blockchain / Bitcoin
CRITICAL

Major crypto exchange custody

Engagement
Architecture + cryptographic review of an MPC hot-wallet signing service.
Finding
A nonce-generation weakness in the threshold-ECDSA implementation that, across enough signatures, could leak key shares; plus a withdrawal-approval quorum that could be satisfied by a single compromised operator.
Attack chain
  1. Reviewed the signing protocol and found nonces drawn from a biased PRNG.
  2. Modeled lattice key-share recovery across a large corpus of collected signatures.
  3. Mapped the withdrawal flow and found the m-of-n quorum was software-enforced only.
  4. Showed a single compromised operator node could rubber-stamp its own approval.
  5. Combined the two into a path to reconstruct the key and authorize withdrawals.
Impact
Critical — theoretical full custody compromise of customer hot-wallet assets.
Remediation
Switched to RFC 6979 deterministic nonces, enforced true hardware-backed m-of-n human approval, and added per-operator key isolation with audited quorum logs.
Outcome
Re-architected and retested clean. Now protecting $450M+ in customer assets.
From the lab

Research
& advisories.

We publish what we break. Field guides, bug-class breakdowns, and disclosures from across the team — written for the engineers who have to fix this stuff.

01 · Hardware

Glitching the Unglitchable

Fault injection on a hardened secure element — how a $300 glitching rig defeated a chip certified to resist it. We walk the full setup, from decapping and power-rail tapping to finding the exact microsecond the boot ROM checks the signature. The takeaway: "certified resistant" is a threat model, not a guarantee.

Read advisory →
02 · Blockchain

A Bridge Too Far

Signature replay across chains — the anatomy of the bridge bug class that keeps draining DeFi. We break down why "verify the signature" is not the same as "verify the message," and how a missing chain-scoped nonce turns one signed payload into infinite mints. Includes a checklist your bridge should already pass.

Read advisory →
03 · Red Team

From Cert to Domain Admin

ADCS ESC1 in the wild — the misconfiguration we find in roughly 70% of the Active Directory environments we test. One over-permissive certificate template lets a normal user request a cert for anyone, including Domain Admins. We show the request, the abuse, and the three-line template fix.

Read advisory →
04 · Blockchain

Nonce Reuse Will End You

Threshold ECDSA in crypto custody — why your MPC vendor's randomness matters more than their marketing. A biased nonce source doesn't fail loudly; it quietly leaks key shares one signature at a time until a lattice attack reassembles the key. We make the case for RFC 6979 and show what auditable signing looks like.

Read advisory →
05 · Web

Breaking OAuth

Seven misconfigurations we find in almost every audit — a field guide to redirect_uri, state, and PKCE failures. Each one is individually "minor" and collectively an account-takeover kit. We give concrete repro steps and the exact server-side checks that close them.

Read advisory →
06 · Hardware

Reversing the $40 Smart Lock

UART to root in under an hour — and what it says about the IoT supply chain you're trusting. An exposed debug header dropped us straight to a root shell with the unlock API in the clear. We trace the same SoC and firmware across four "different" brands sharing one vulnerable image.

Read advisory →
07 · Red Team

EDR Is Not a Force Field

Five in-memory techniques our red team still uses to stay quiet — and how a tuned blue team catches them. We cover the gap between "an EDR is installed" and "an EDR is watching," with the telemetry that actually flips these from invisible to obvious. Written for defenders who want to test their own coverage.

Read advisory →
08 · Blockchain

MEV Is an Attack Surface

Sandwich, frontrun, and oracle games against DeFi protocols — economic attacks treated as first-class threats, not market noise. We show how a manipulable spot oracle and a fat slippage tolerance combine into a profitable, repeatable drain. The fix is design, not a patch: TWAPs, tighter bounds, and MEV-aware accounting.

Read advisory →
Coordinated disclosure

Advisories
& CVEs.

When we break something that ships to other people, we report it — to the vendor first, the public second. A selection of identifiers credited to the 0block team.

CVE-2025-13002 Signature replay in cross-chain bridge mint path. Critical
CVE-2025-22104 Nonce reuse in threshold-ECDSA custody library. Critical
CVE-2024-48817 Secure-boot bypass via voltage fault injection (hardware wallet). Critical
CVE-2024-29911 UART root shell on consumer smart lock. High
CVE-2023-40551 ADCS ESC1 certificate-template privilege escalation. High
CVE-2022-31099 SSRF → cloud metadata takeover in SaaS platform. High

10 zero-days responsibly disclosed; a selection shown.

On stage

Talks &
publications.

We take the work to the rooms where it gets torn apart by people smarter than us. Selected conference talks tied to the research above.

Black HatUSA · Las Vegas

A Bridge Too Far: killing cross-chain replay before it kills your TVL.

2025
DEF CONUSA · Las Vegas

Glitching the Unglitchable: $300 fault injection vs. a certified secure element.

2024
RECONCA · Montréal

Dumping the Vault: reversing hardware-wallet boot ROMs from the rail up.

2024
NorthSecCA · Montréal

From Cert to Domain Admin: ADCS ESC1 and the 6-hour red team.

2023
OffensiveConDE · Berlin

Nonce Reuse Will End You: breaking threshold ECDSA in production custody.

2025
EkopartyAR · Buenos Aires

MEV Is an Attack Surface: treating economic exploits as first-class bugs.

2026
Responsible disclosure

Found something in our stack — or someone's?

We practice what we publish. If you've found a vulnerability in a 0block property, or want us to help coordinate disclosure on a third party, report findings to disclosure@0block.org. We acknowledge fast, work to a fair embargo, and credit researchers.

Email disclosure@0block.org

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The clients in these case studies sleep better because we found it first. Let's make sure your system never becomes one of them.